![]() In practice, the diplomatic privileges and immunities are sometimes misused as a shield protecting diplomats in the activities prohibited by law. On the other side, the diplomatic privileges and immunities could not be a license to commit crimes and the violence of any domestic or international law. The diplomatic privileges and immunities should allow diplomats to perform their functions in the receiving State without fully understanding of all customs, laws, and regulations of this State. The key part of the diplomatic law are norms whose regulate privileges and immunities of the diplomats performed their function in friendly or unfriendly environments, even in situations of war, civil war or natural disasters. Nowadays, the diplomatic law contains norms of international law, domestic law, and norms which arise from the obligation of the State to implement the norms of international law or bilateral agreements. The most important convention which codified norms of diplomatic law is Viena Convention on Diplomatic Relations (hereafter Vienna Convention), which was done at Vienna on 18 April 1961 and entered into force on 24 April 1964. The diplomatic law has mostly been customary law. The failure by the respect the diplomatic privileges and immunities may have serious consequences on the relations between States. In modern times, the protection of envoys has evolved into the diplomatic privileges and immunities as a legal obligation of guarantee the security of diplomats as authorized representatives of a foreign State. ![]() The murder of a messenger of a foreign ruler was the explicit declaration of the war because it was a clear sign that this side did not want to negotiate rather than fight. According to the principle of reciprocity, freedom, and safety of the messengers of one sovereign are determined with the behavior of this sovereign regarding the messengers sent to him from the sovereign above. Later in history, the messenger had been protected by understanding that the messenger is the personification of his rulers and by the principle of reciprocity. In the early period of history, the messengers were protected with the taboos based on the belief that some behavior is accursed and that a threat of the supernatural punishment exists. Historically, diplomatic immunity arose out from the respect of the messengers who carry the message of their ruler or sovereign to declare war, conclude peace or about other important national issues. Waiver of Diplomatic Immunity in Practice Protection of Premises, Archives, and Interest after Breach of Diplomatic Relations or Recalling of a Diplomatic MissionĮspionage, Terrorism and Subversive Activitiesĭiplomatic and State Immunity versus Right of Access Court Other Issues Related to Privileges and Immunities Measures that Can Be Taken by the Sending State if the Receiving State Does Not Respect Privileges and Immunities of Its Diplomats ![]() ![]() Taking Coercive Measures against Diplomats Using of Mission's Premises contrary to the Their InviolabilityĮxception from Immunity from Civil and Administrative Jurisdiction Personal Inviolability of a Diplomatic AgentĮxemption of Mission Premises from TaxationĮxemption of Customs Duties and Inspectionĭuration of Diplomatic Privileges and Immunitiesīeginning and End of diplomatic Privileges and ImmunitiesĮnabling Departure of Persons Enjoying Privileges and Immunitiesĭuties of the Mission and Its Members towards the Receiving State Persons Who Are Citizens of the Receiving State or Who Are Resident in the Receiving State Persons entitled to Privileges and Immunities Diplomatic Immunity under International Lawĭiplomatic Immunity under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations ![]()
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